Residents of Hong Kong have the right to institute _________ in the courts against the acts of the executive authorities and their personnel.

Residents of Hong Kong have the right to institute legal proceedings in the courts against the acts of the executive authorities and their personnel. This right is rooted in the protection of fundamental freedoms and the rule of law as outlined in the Basic Law, which serves as the constitutional document for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

The ability to challenge actions of the executive through legal proceedings signifies a critical aspect of the judicial system in Hong Kong, allowing residents to seek redress and ensures accountability of the government. This legal provision supports the concept of checks and balances within the political structure and upholds citizens' rights to seek justice.

In contrast, while protests, demonstrations, and assemblies are forms of expression protected under the law, they do not provide a mechanism for legal challenges or disputes against governmental actions. These activities might influence public opinion and policy but do not have the same legal standing as petitions or lawsuits initiated in courts. Therefore, legal proceedings are specifically meant for addressing grievances in a formal legal context, making it the correct choice.